ChemSub Online: The Free Web Portal and Information System on Chemical Substances from around the World: Glossary and Acronyms - Letter A.
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Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS),
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Europan chemical Substances information System (ESIS),
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB),
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- GHS, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien, SGH, Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques, 化学品分类及标记全球协调制度, 化学品の分類および表示に関する世界調和システム.
- InChI, InChIKey, MOSFIJXAXDLOML-UHFFFAOYSA-N, smiles, IUPAC Name.

ChemSub Online: The Free Web Portal and Information System on Chemical Substances from around the World: Glossary and Acronyms - Letter A.
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ChemSub Online: The Free Web Portal and Information System on Chemical Substances from around the World: Glossary and Acronyms - Letter A.
Provides information about:
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Abiotic degradation:
Degradation mediated through processes other than biodegradation such as hydrolysis, photolysis and interactions with other chemicals (e.g. oxidation). Abiotic degradation studies typically provide a measure of primary degradation.
 
ADI:
Acceptable Daily Intake.

The highest tolerable daily intake of a substance, expressed in mg/kg bodyweight, which does not represent a health risk over the entire lifespan, calculated on the basis of all currently available data.

This concept was first introduced in 1957 by the Council of Europe and later the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), a committee maintained by two United Nations bodies: the Food and Agriculture Organization FAO and the WHO World Health Organization.

An ADI value is based on current research, with long-term studies on animals and observations of humans. First, a No Observable (Adverse) Effect Level, the amount of a substance that shows no toxic effects, is determined on the basis of studies intended to measure an effect at several doses. Usually the studies are performed with several doses including high doses. In case there are several studies on different effects, it is usually taken the lowest NO(A)EL. Then, the NOEL (or NOAEL) is scaled by a safety factor, conventionally 100, to account for the differences between test animals and humans (factor of 10) and possible differences in sensitivity between humans (another factor of 10). The ADI is usually given in mg per kg body weight per day. Note that the ADI is considered a safe intake level for the healthy adult of normal weight who consumes in average daily the amount of the substance in question.

The higher the ADI, the "safer" for regular ingestion is a compound.

The ADI concept can be understood as a measure to indicate the toxicity from long-term exposure to repeated ingestion of chemical compounds in foods (present and/or added), as opposed to acute toxicity.
 
ADME:
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination.

It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to indicate all the phenomena associated with Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination of chemical substances in and from the human body.
 
AEC:
Anion Exchange Capacity.
 
AICS:
Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances.

AICS is the legal device that distinguishes new from existing chemicals. AICS is a listing of all industrial chemicals in use in Australia between 1 January 1977 and 28 February 1990. In addition, it includes new assessed chemicals and corrections, as required.

AICS is maintained under the National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) and contains over 38,000 chemicals. AICS is a list of chemical identity data; it does not contain information on toxicity, use, manufacturers or importers. It consists of a non-confidential (public) section and a confidential section.

Any chemical not included in AICS is regarded as a new industrial chemical unless it is outside the scope of the Industrial Chemicals (Notification and Assessment) Act 1989 OR is otherwise exempt from notification. New industrial chemicals must be notified and assessed before being manufactured or imported into Australia.

Chemicals in AICS can be imported or manufactured in Australia without having to notify NICNAS as a new chemical, unless exempt.

More information can be found on the NICNAS web site: http://www.nicnas.gov.au/.
 
ANN:
Artificial Neural Network.
 
Annex I:
Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC contains a list of harmonised classifications and labellings for substances or groups of substances, which are legally binding within the EU.

The list is regularly updated through Adaptations to Technical Progress. Revised and new classifications inserted to the list are proposed by DG ENV and agreed by a Member State vote.
The DG ENV proposal is based on advice from the Commission Working Group on Classification and Labelling with participation of experts from the Member States. Their meetings are prepared, chaired and followed-up by the ECB.
 
AOEL:
Acceptable Operator Exposure Level.
 
ARfD:
Acute Reference Dose.

The Acute Reference Dose is an estimate of a chemical substance, expressed on a bodyweight basis, to which a human population (including sensitive subgroups) can be exposed over a short period of time (24 hours or less), without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.
 
ASTM:
American Society for Testing and Materials.
 
ATP:
Adaptation to Technical Progress.

Adaptation to Technical Progress (ATP) of EU Directive 67/548/EEC on the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances.
A proposal for a new ATP is given by the Commission (DG ENV) to the Technical Progress Committee in order for member states (MS) to adopt the ATP at certain TPC-meetings. A new ATP is then finally confirmed by the Commission before it is published in the Official Journal (OJ).

The ATP number for a specific substance in the database refers to the last time the substance was included in a ATP. For example, if a substance has the ATP number 25, this means that the substance was included in a new ATP when the Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances was adapted to technical progress for the 25th time.
 
AVS:
Acid Volatile Sulfides.
 
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